Introduction in microbiology lab. & safety rules; Bacterial smear preparation & staining, Gram stain, spore & capsule staining, acid fast stain; Bacterial cultivation & types of media; Bacterial isolation techniques: streak method, spread method, & pour method; Cultivation of anaerobic bacteria; Biochemical tests for bacterial identification: coagulase, catalase, & oxidase. Antibiotic susceptibility tests; Bacterial counting; Chemical test for antimicrobial effectiveness; Methods of sterilization.